Parts of the Brain That Control Primitive Reflexes

The brain is a complex network of structures that work in harmony to control the many vital functions of the body and process information from the internal and outside environment. The vast majority of these functions are reflex actions that occur automatically and in harmony with other parts of the brain and the body.

The Brain Stem

The brain stem is located below the brain at the back of the neck and contains the vital control center of the body called the medulla oblongata. This area is a major part of the brain that is responsible for multiple automatic and involuntary functions that are necessary for life. These vital functions include the beating of the heart, respiration or breathing, blood pressure, digestion, and swallowing. The brain stem is also responsible for alertness, or the state of being conscious, and arousal.

The Cerebellum

Four Main Parts of the Brain

Learn More

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke describes the cerebellum as the center of control for reflex actions, balance and coordinating muscle movement. It is also part of the brain stem and governs automatic movement, as well as synchronized movement of skeletal muscles.

The Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is an important organ in the brain that is only about the size of a pearl. It helps to control several major functions including homeostasis of the body. The hypothalamus also directs the release of the hormone adrenaline in times of stress, fear, excitement, or anger. Additionally, it is an emotional center that causes feelings of anger, sadness, joy and exhilaration.

The Amygdala

What Do the Parts of the Brain Control?

Learn More

The amygdala is a small lobe inside the brain that is part of the limbic system. The Alzheimer’s Disease Research website notes that this area of the brain has many functions including developing, associating and remembering reflexive emotions such as fear and anxiety. In primitive states, this function is an important part of survival and is still used as a protective method by the body.

Cinguate Gyrus

The cinguate gyrus is a large arch-like lobe in the center of the inner brain that is a part of the limbic system. This area of the brain functions to process conscious emotional experience.

Parietal Lobe

The parietal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the brain and is located at the back and top of the head. According to the Newark University Hospital, the brain cells in this lobe help to maintain homeostasis of the body by regulating and processing temperature, touch and movement. The parietal lobe is also involved in taste and other body functions.