Acacia Allergy

Acacia belongs is a large genus tropical and subtropical shrubs and trees, endemic to Australia, Africa, and North and South America. Various parts of this large genus of plants are used externally and internally for medicinal purposes, and as a perservative. A significant number of this genus of plants bears pollen, and has been reported to cause pollinosis or strong allergic reactions. Speak with your physician if you experience an allergic reaction to Acacia tree or any of its derivatives.

Use of Acacia Plants

Acacia is a large plant genus including at least 1,000 species of threes and shrubs. These trees are native to Africa, Australia and South and America, and have been introduced to France, Portugal, Italy and Spain. In ancient Egypt, this genus of plants were used to make paint, and the oil is still used in the printing industry. They are also used as a thickener for chewing gum, jellies, and candies and as a stabilizer in soft drinks and beers. When used as a stabilizer, this plant helps to maintain the foam in beer and soft drinks, and prevent the breakdown of chemicals in food mixture. It also used as a demulcent in numerous types of topical creams as it has anti-inflammatory properties. Acacia gum is a dry exudate extracted from the stem of the tree, and is used to shape and form pharmaceutical tables.

Immune Response to Acacia

Acacia pollinates in February and March 1. Acacia trees release a heavy pollen that causes an IgE mediated allergic response in sensitized individuals. Pollen acts as an irritant and the immune system mistakenly considers the proteins in pollen as foreign, and dangerous. The immune system activates and mobilizes pro-inflammatory immune cells, primarily mast cells and basophils, to the nasal passages and upper respiratory tract. These immune cells release immune mediators such as histamine that dilate and increase the permeability of blood vessels. The increased permeability of capillaries in the nasal capillaries and upper respiratory tract results in the observed allergic reaction including allergic rhinitis and asthma 2.

Symptoms of an Allergic Reaction to Acacia

Allergic rhinitis, also known as hay fever, and asthma are allergic reactions commonly observed in wood workers exposed to pollen from acacia or acacia wood. Allergic rhinitis is caused by inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nose and sinuses, and the subsequent release of histamine. The release of histamine into the nasal cavity, throat, bronchioles, larynx and trachea result in cold-like signs and symptoms. The increased permeability of capillaries in the nasal cavity result in nasal congestion and a runny nose, a post-nasal drip, sneezing, a decreased sense of taste and smell as well as sinus pressure and facial pain. Coughing, watery and itchy eyes as well as swelling of the skin underneath the eyes are also observed 2.

Treatment for an Allergic Reaction to Acacia

The best way to treat allergic rhinitis or hay fever is to avoid exposure to acacia pollen or wood. Since this isn't always possible, over the counter antihistamines such as Benadryl are helpful if the symptoms are not severe. Antihistamines reduce nasal inflammation, itching, and sneezing by blocking the action of histamine. For severe allergic rhinitis, your physician may prescribe nasal corticosteroids such as Flonase to reduce nasal inflammation, itching, and a runny nose. Oral decongestants are recommended to reduce nasal congestion. Speak with your physician before starting a treatment program.