Purpose of Nebulizers

Nebulizers are inhaler devices used to treat asthma and allergies. The inhaler aerosolizes medication prescribed by a doctor to help reduce inflammation and dilate air passages. The treatments are used as a preventative measure against acute allergic reactions or as a treatment during asthma attacks. Some nebulizers are available over the counter, but most require a prescription from a doctor.

Point of Nebulizers

A nebulizer has a liquid medicine in a machine or hand-held bottle with an attached pump. Using the machine or compressing the hand-held pump converts the liquid medication into a mist. The mist is inhaled into the trachea of the patient. The inhalant medication travels to the lungs and reverses the symptoms of asthma and allergies. Wheezing, coughing, or difficulties in breathing are alleviated almost immediately when the medication is delivered.

Delivery Procedures

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When using a machine, place it on a flat surface. For hand-held devices, place the liquid canister upright with the mouthpiece at the bottom. For both a machine and a hand-held device, breathe in the air while sitting upright. Continue slow deep breaths and relax. For the hand-held device, squeeze the pump while breathing in. The mist can be felt at the back of the throat. Breathe in deeply so the mist is inhaled into the lungs.

Caring for Nebulizers

Nebulizers are oral applications, so the mouthpiece and machine can accumulate bacteria and other microbes. The nebulizer should be stored in a safe location away from children. The mouthpiece also needs to be cleaned regularly using alcohol or hot water. It also lessens the chance of the pump getting clogged. Hand-held devices with a clogged pump need to be replaced.

Nebulizer's Effects

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After a patient takes a dose from a nebulizer, the effects are almost immediate. The patient will feel less tightening in the chest and any wheezing should end. Patients should continue to inhale for several breaths or as instructed by a physician. Some asthma patients are instructed to carry the hand-held nebulizer with them at all times to help alleviate symptoms in emergency situations.

Types

Several types of nebulizer medications are available, each with advantages and side effects. Acetylcysteine is used to reduce respiratory tract secretions. Albuterol is a common nebulizer medication that attaches to adrenergic bronchodilator, which means the medication opens airway passages to alleviate breathing difficulties. Tobramycin is an antibiotic used to treat patients with breathing difficulties from bacterial infections such as pseudomonas.