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- Oregon State University; What to Look for in a Multivitamin Supplement; Jane Higdon, Ph.D.
- National Institutes of Health: Calcium and Vitamin D: Important at Every Age; Jan. 2011
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No multivitamin contains the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium, according to Jane Higdon, Ph.D. of Linus Pauling Institute Research. In fact, if multivitamins contained the recommended daily amount of calcium, the pills would be too large to swallow. Calcium is an essential mineral that plays an important role in bone health and helps reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis in the elderly.
Calcium
Calcium helps support a healthy heart, muscles, nerves and especially bones. According to the National Institutes of Health, the high rate of osteoporosis in America is proof that most people are not getting enough calcium in their diet 2. In some cases, calcium supplementation may be necessary to meet these needs, but talk to your doctor before taking this route. Multivitamins do not have the RDA for calcium, so you cannot rely on them to meet your daily calcium needs.
- Calcium helps support a healthy heart, muscles, nerves and especially bones.
- In some cases, calcium supplementation may be necessary to meet these needs, but talk to your doctor before taking this route.
Vitamin D
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Vitamin D plays a critical role in calcium absorption. Without enough vitamin D each day, your body is unable to get enough of the hormone calcitriol, which causes the body to draw calcium from your bones. This is how your bones can weaken over time. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), you should aim for 600 to 800 international units of vitamin D per day 2. You can achieve this level by exposing your skin to sunlight or by eating saltwater fish, egg yolks or fortified milk.
- Vitamin D plays a critical role in calcium absorption.
- Without enough vitamin D each day, your body is unable to get enough of the hormone calcitriol, which causes the body to draw calcium from your bones.
RDA
The RDA for calcium intake increases as you age. For instance, infants require just 200 mg per day while the elderly need 1,200 mg each day, according to the NIH. Teenagers and pregnant or lactating women need additional calcium in their diet at 1,300 mg per day. Dietary sources of calcium include milk, cheese, yogurt and fortified foods. For instance, 1 cup of nonfat milk contains 302 mg of calcium. Taking multivitamins containing little or no calcium requires that you obtain your daily calcium needs through dietary means or supplementation.
- The RDA for calcium intake increases as you age.
- Teenagers and pregnant or lactating women need additional calcium in their diet at 1,300 mg per day.
Quality
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Choosing a high-quality multivitamin or supplement is the safest way to go because it ensures the product is safe and free of unwanted elements like lead and other metals. The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) offers a program called the Dietary Supplement Verification Program, which inspects multivitamins and supplements for impurities. Choose a product with the USP seal on the packaging to ensure that it’s of the highest quality.
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References
- Oregon State University; What to Look for in a Multivitamin Supplement; Jane Higdon, Ph.D.
- National Institutes of Health: Calcium and Vitamin D: Important at Every Age; Jan. 2011
- New York State Department of Health: Commonly Asked Questions About Calcium Supplements
- Bolland, MJ, et. al. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011 Apr 19;342:d2040. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d2040
- Reid IR. The roles of calcium and vitamin D in the prevention of osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 27: 389-398. DOI:10.1016/s0889-8529(05)70011-6
- Chen M, Pan A, Malik VS, Hu FB. Effects of dairy intake on body weight and fat: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2012;96(4):735-747. DOI:10.3945/ajcn.112.037119
- Williams V, Rawat A, Vignesh P, Shandilya JK, Gupta A, Singh S. Fc-gamma receptor expression profile in a North-Indian cohort of pediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: An observational study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;22(3):449-457. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(07)22
- Reid IR, Birstow SM, Bolland MJ. Calcium and Cardiovascular Disease. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2017;32(3):339-349. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2017.32.3.339
- MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, "Milk-alkali syndrome"
- Bolland MJ, Grey A, Avenell A, Gamble GD, Reid IR. Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women’s Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis. BMJ. d2040-d2040. DOI:10.1136/bmj.d2040
- Chan Soo Shin, et. al. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 30(1): 27–34. DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2015.30.1.27
- Linus Pauling Institute. Calcium.
- National Institute of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. Calcium.
- Weingarten MAMA, Zalmanovici Trestioreanu A, Yaphe J. Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2008, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003548. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003548.pub4
- Zemel, MB et. al. Calcium and dairy acceleration of weight and fat loss during energy restriction in obese adults. Obes Res. 2004 Apr;12(4):582-90. DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.67
Writer Bio
Joseph Eitel has written for a variety of respected online publications since 2006 including the Developer Shed Network and Huddle.net. He has dedicated his life to researching and writing about diet, nutrition and exercise. Eitel's health blog, PromoteHealth.info, has become an authority in the healthy-living niche. He graduated with honors from Kellogg Community College in 2010 with an Associate of Applied Science.