My Toddler Has Had a Persistent Cough & Runny Nose for Months
You always try keeping your toddler healthy, but illnesses are bound to happen — particularly if your toddler is in daycare. Chronic bronchitis or sinusitis are the likely culprits, so always consult your toddler's pediatrician if your toddler has a cough and runny nose that last more than a week or two 2. Proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary for a full recovery.
If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, seek emergency treatment immediately.
Identification
Bronchitis is known for a productive cough, but your toddler probably felt sick from the common cold a few months before the persistent cough and runny nose became present 2. If your toddler has chronic bronchitis, the majority of your child’s cold symptoms disappeared, but the cough continues and produces large amounts of mucus 2. The cough is worse in the mornings and in cold damp environments, the American Lung Association notes. Chronic bronchitis makes recovering from colds take longer, so coughing and a runny nose last longer than usual; it can take your toddler several months to recover from chronic bronchitis 2. Chronic sinusitis also causes a cough and a runny nose that can last more than three months. Other symptoms of sinusitis include postnasal drip, fatigue and a fever. Like chronic bronchitis, your toddler probably had a respiratory illness that improved and then got worse 2.
Cause
Chronic Cough at Night in a 3-year-old
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For most toddlers, bronchitis symptoms only last a week or two and are caused by bacteria or a virus 2. Secondhand smoke is a likely cause of your toddler’s chronic bronchitis; indeed, the TeensHealth website reports, tobacco smoke is behind more than 80 percent of chronic bronchitis cases 2. A respiratory infection can also lead to chronic bronchitis, but the risk of this happening is higher if someone in the household smokes around your child 2. Air pollution or other chemicals in the environment can also irritate the tissues lining the bronchial tubes and result in bronchitis 2. Sinusitis, meanwhile, is caused by inflammation of the sinuses from a virus, bacteria or fungus. A respiratory infection, allergies or deviated septum can make your toddler susceptible to chronic sinusitis.
- For most toddlers, bronchitis symptoms only last a week or two and are caused by bacteria or a virus 2.
- Sinusitis, meanwhile, is caused by inflammation of the sinuses from a virus, bacteria or fungus.
Treatment
Waiting to seek treatment if your toddler has chronic bronchitis increases your child’s risk of serious respiratory illnesses or heart failure 2. Have your toddler drink plenty of fluids and rest as frequently as possible. Doctors often prescribe a bronchodilator to open the bronchial tubes. The bronchodilator makes it easier for air to pass in and out of the airways and reduce irritation. Stop smoking around your toddler or smoke outdoors while someone watches your child. If your toddler has sinusitis, turn your shower to the hottest setting and close the bathroom door so the room fills with steam. Sit in the steam-filled room for 15 minutes with your toddler several times per day. Antibiotics are needed if the infection is bacterial; anti-fungal medication will be needed if the infection is from a fungus.
- Waiting to seek treatment if your toddler has chronic bronchitis increases your child’s risk of serious respiratory illnesses or heart failure 2.
- If your toddler has sinusitis, turn your shower to the hottest setting and close the bathroom door so the room fills with steam.
Prevention
How to Ease a Nighttime Cough in Children
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As with treatment of chronic bronchitis, prevent long-term bronchitis by not smoking around your toddler 2. Reducing the number of respiratory infections your toddler has by encouraging frequent hand-washing in your household further reduces risk of bronchitis and sinusitis 2. If your toddler is in daycare, discuss enforcing hand-washing rules among the daycare staff, parents and other children; this can easily be done with pamphlets. If a deviated septum is the cause or your toddler's sinuses need to be thoroughly cleansed, surgery is sometimes necessary for sinusitis. An annual influenza vaccination also reduces your child’s risk of bronchitis and sinusitis 2.
Related Articles
References
- American Lung Association: Understanding Chronic Bronchitis
- TeensHealth: Bronchitis
- PubMed Health: Sinusitis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Bronchitis.
- Cleveland Clinic. Bronchitis. Updated August 12, 2019.
- American Lung Association. Acute Bronchitis Symptoms, Causes & Risk Factors. Updated March 13, 2018.
- American Lung Association. Chronic Bronchitis.
- John Hopkins Medicine. Acute Bronchitis.
- John Hopkins Medicine. Bronchitis.
- Cleveland Clinic. Bronchitis: Management and Treatment. Updated August 12, 2019.
- Braz J Phys Ther. 2013 Nov-Dec;17(6):533-40. doi: 10.1590/S1413-35552012005000120. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
- Hooper LG, Young MT, Keller JP. et al. Ambient Air Pollution and Chronic Bronchitis in a Cohort of U.S. Women. Environ Health Perspect. 2018 Feb 6;126(2):027005. doi: 10.1289/EHP2199.
- Jacinto CP, Gastaldi AC, Aguiar DY, Maida KD, Souza HC. Physical therapy for airway clearance improves cardiac autonomic modulation in children with acute bronchiolitis.
Writer Bio
Melissa McNamara is a certified personal trainer who holds a Bachelor of Arts in journalism and communication studies from the University of Iowa. She writes for various health and fitness publications while working toward a Bachelor of Science in nursing.