Long-Term Effects of an Emotionally Abusive Relationship
Emotional abuse is often the hardest type of abuse to recognize and overcome because its scars aren't visible to the naked eye. Unlike physical and sexual abuse, emotional abuse doesn't leave behind scars or other physical evidence. The long-term effects of this type of abuse in a relationship can be long-lasting and devastating and can even affect the abused person for the rest of his or her life, especially if the abuse is never addressed with a health professional.
Confidence
According to the May 2005 edition of the "Journal of Emotional Abuse," one of the most common and frequent psychological effects of emotional abuse is damaged self-confidence and self-worth 1. Abusers frequently focus in on areas where the abused person already has self-esteem issues such as physical appearance, weight, intelligence, and so forth. This only perpetuates the abused person's issues with self-confidence.
Trust
The Effects of Drug Addiction on Relationships
Learn More
According to the same study, another psychological effect of emotional abuse is the inability to trust people close to you. When a relationship enters a stage of emotional abuse, the abused person naturally loses trust in the abuser. These issues of trust can spill over into other relationships, even close ones. The abused person often feels that if someone that close can break her trust, she is not safe with anyone.
- According to the same study, another psychological effect of emotional abuse is the inability to trust people close to you.
- The abused person often feels that if someone that close can break her trust, she is not safe with anyone.
Denial
One of the findings from the study published in the "Journal of Emotional Abuse" is that although children often hang onto the experiences and effects of emotional abuse in their childhood, adults who are emotionally abused often go into a state of denial--both about the circumstances surrounding their abuse and the effects the abuse has had on their self-esteem and other psychological factors 1. Many people may deny that abuse is even possible when it is not physical in nature.
According to the study, this is perhaps part of why many women choose to stay in emotionally abusive relationships. They are in denial of how bad the problem really is and what effect it is having on their lives.
- One of the findings from the study published in the "Journal of Emotional Abuse" is that although children often hang onto the experiences and effects of emotional abuse in their childhood, adults who are emotionally abused often go into a state of denial--both about the circumstances surrounding their abuse and the effects the abuse has had on their self-esteem and other psychological factors 1.
- According to the study, this is perhaps part of why many women choose to stay in emotionally abusive relationships.
Stress and Physical Effects
The Four Stages of an Abusive Relationship
Learn More
According to the University of Michigan, psychological effects aren't the only ones felt by the victims of emotional abuse 12. Dealing with emotional abuse over a long time can cause extreme stress, which can often manifest itself with headaches, back pain, neck pain and even pain in the extremities.
Related Articles
References
- Psychology Today: Effects of Emotional Abuse
- University of Michigan: Emotional Abuse Hurts
- Borderline Personality Disorder. National Institute of Mental Health. Revised December 2017.
- Child Abuse and Neglect. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Updated November 29, 2019.
- Merza K, Papp G, Kuritárné Szabó I. The role of childhood traumatization in the development of borderline personality disorder in Hungary. Eur J Psychiatry. 2015;29(2):105-118. doi:10.4321/s0213-61632015000200002
- Westbrook J, Berenbaum H. Emotional awareness moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder symptom factors. J Clin Psychol. 2017;73(7):910-921. doi:10.1002/jclp.22389
- Kuo JR, Khoury JE, Metcalfe R, Fitzpatrick S, Goodwill A. An examination of the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder features: the role of difficulties with emotion regulation. Child Abuse Negl. 2015;39:147-55. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.08.008
- Rosenstein LK, Ellison WD, Walsh E, Chelminski I, Dalrymple K, Zimmerman M. The role of emotion regulation difficulties in the connection between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality features. Personal Disord. 2018;9(6):590-594. doi:10.1037/per0000294
- Soloff P, Feske U, Fabio A. Mediators of the Relationship Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Suicidal Behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder. J Pers Disord. 2008;22(3):221-232. doi:10.1521/pedi.2008.22.3.221
- Singh MM, Parsekar SS, Nair SN. An epidemiological overview of child sexual abuse. J Family Med Prim Care. 2014;3(4):430-5. doi:10.4103/2249-4863.148139
- Frias A, Palma C, Farriols N, Gonzalez L, Horta A. Anxious adult attachment may mediate the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder. Personal Ment Health. 2016;10(4):274-284. doi:10.1002/pmh.1348
- Kuo JR, Khoury JE, Metcalfe R, Fitzpatrick S, Goodwill A. An examination of the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and borderline personality disorder features: The role of difficulties with emotion regulation. Child Abuse Negl. 2015;39:147-55. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.08.008
- Westbrook J, Berenbaum H. Emotional awareness moderates the relationship between childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder symptom factors. J Clin Psychol. 2017;73(7):910-921. doi:10.1002/jclp.22389
Writer Bio
James Patterson specializes in health and wellness topics, having written and produced material for the National Institutes of Health, the President's Cancer Panel and an Inc. 500 Hall of Fame company. He is also a former sportswriter with writing experience in basketball, baseball, softball, golf and other popular sports.