How Does Benzoyl Peroxide Work on Acne?

Acne blemishes can be filled with oil, bacteria and dead skin cells--therefore acne treatments must flush out and/or dry these contents. One such treatment is benzoyl peroxide, which is an over-the-counter medication available to treat acne breakouts 123. When applied to an acne blemish, benzoyl peroxide works to reduce the pore's contents, thus creating clearer skin 123.

Function

Benzoyl peroxide acts as an antiseptic when applied to the skin 123. Because p. acnes bacteria can live in and on the skin, benzoyl peroxide works to reduce the amount of bacteria, according to Acne.com 123. Benzoyl peroxide also performs two additional functions: the first is oxidization 123. This means that when applied to the skin, benzoyl peroxide works to inject air into the pore, according to The Acne Resource Center Online 123. This loosens the material inside the pore, helping to remove the "plug" of bacteria, dirt and oil. The second function is to act as an anti-inflammatory, reducing the redness and soreness that can accompany an acne lesion.

Types

As an acne treatment product, benzoyl peroxide is available in many forms 123. These include:

• soap
  
• lotion
  
• cream
  
• gel
  
• liquid
  
• pad
  
• foam
  
• according to the Mayo Clinic

The type of benzoyl peroxide treatment you utilize may be determined by your acne lesions 123. For example, if you are prone to breakouts all over your face, a wash may be more appropriate. If you experience only small incidences of acne lesions, a spot cream or gel can be ideal.

Concentrations

In its over-the-counter forms, benzoyl peroxide is sold in increments of 2.5, 5 and 10 percent, according to Acne.com 123. The higher the amount used, the more irritation the benzoyl peroxide application is likely to cause 123. Using a higher percentage does not necessarily increase success, however--2.5-percent concentrations are often just as effective as 10-percent concentrations.

Effects

With continued applications, benzoyl peroxide can help to reduce acne lesions, including whiteheads, blackheads and pimples 123. Benzoyl peroxide does not, however, cure acne 123. Instead, it treats the acne and reduces the amount of bacteria. If you cease using the benzoyl peroxide, the acne-causing bacteria can return to your skin and your acne may re-appear 123.

Warning

Benzoyl peroxide used to treat acne is associated with some side effects, according to Medline Plus 123. These include dryness, irritation and tingling. These symptoms should cease after using for several days in a row. However, if you experience more severe symptoms, such as burning, blistering, itching, irritation or redness, you should cease using the benzoyl peroxide 123.